Personas
Personas are fictitious yet representative descriptions of users and possibly other stakeholders. Many trace use of profiles or personas to Alan Cooper's book The Inmates are Running the Asylum.
Personas can be used to present contextual analysis and design requirements.
Sources of information
- Contextual interviews
- Based on previous knowledge of users and domain
- Informal discussions or interviews with clients, stakeholders and potential users
- Product and organization documents
- Formal interviews and surveys
Also some approaches use iterative feedback from the first three sources.
Identifying who to profile
Strategies:
- Clustering based on attributes
- Using organizational categories (e.g. staff, faculty, students)
Examples and Links
- Role of Personas at Nielsen Norman Group
- Personas at Usability.gov
- An introduction to personas and how to create them.
- See Hartson and Pyla section 7.5 (9.4 in 2nd edition)
Challenges and drawbacks
- One instance represents a whole segment of users
- Validity (accuracy) of the profile
- Requires focus on useful elements for design
- Method using stories about fictitious people lacks credibility in some circles
Issues for discussion
- Why personas work (or why they are so popular)
- Strategies for addressing challenges and drawbacks